Altitudinal distribution, diversity and endemicity of Carabidae (Coleoptera) in the páramos of Ecuadorian Andes

نویسنده

  • Pierre Moret
چکیده

Species richness and diversity of Carabidae (Coleoptera), as well as rates of endemicity, are studied along altitudinal transects in the páramo of Ecuadorian Andes, from 3500 to 5000 m. Whereas a global tendency to reduction of species richness is evident from 4200 m upwards, two zones of high diversity and high proportion of endemic species occur at 3800–4000 m and at 4200–4400 m. Species turnover between grass páramo and superpáramo is signifi cantly higher in drier mountains, especially in the Western Cordillera, than in humid mountains of the Eastern Cordillera. The altitudinal range of Carabid species tends globally to decrease along the vertical gradient, but with important local variations due to microenvironmental factors, especially humidity rate. When compared with recent phytogeographical studies, these results tend to support the idea that the majority of tussockgrass páramo is a secondary anthropogenic ecosystem. On the contrary, it is argued that the xeric landscape of the Chimborazo “arenal” is primordial, based on the presence of a stenotopic and possibly relict species, Pelmatellus andium Bates 1891. Résumé. Distribution en altitude, diversité et endémisme des Carabidae (Coleoptera) dans les páramos des Andes Equadorienne. La diversité et le taux d’endémicité des Carabidae (Coleoptera) sont analysés sur plusieurs transects altitudinaux dans les páramos des Andes de l’Equateur, entre 3500 et 5000 m. Alors qu’une tendance générale à la diminution du nombre d’espèces apparaît à partir de 4200 m, deux zones de plus grande diversité et à fort taux d’espèces endémiques ont été mises en évidence à 3800–4000 m et à 4200–4400 m. Le taux de remplacement des espèces entre le páramo herbacé et le superpáramo est nettement plus élevé dans les massifs les plus secs, en particulier dans la Cordillère Occidentale, que dans les massifs humides de la Cordillère Orientale. L’amplitude altitudinale des espèces tend globalement à diminuer avec l’altitude, mais on note d’importantes variations d’une montagne à l’autre ou d’un versant à l’autre, en raison des conditions du milieu (en particulier le degré d’humidité). À partir d’une comparaison avec des études phytogéographiques récentes, on apporte des arguments à l’hypothèse selon laquelle la plus grande partie du páramo herbacé est une formation secondaire d’origine anthropique. À l’inverse, il est suggéré que le paysage semi-désertique de l’“arenal” du Chimborazo est climacique, compte tenu de la présence d’une espèce sténoèce et vraisemblablement relicte, Pelmatellus andium Bates 1891.

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تاریخ انتشار 2017